REFLEXIÓN FINAL ACÁDEMICA

Cuando la Coordinadora del Doctorado en Gerencia, mención Gerencia de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, la Dra. Baptista, me informó que debía cursar Inglés Instrumental, casi me moría, me lleve las manos a la cabeza, porque mis cocnocimientos en este idioma son básicos y tenía mucho temor de no lograr asimilar los conocimientos necesarios.

Posteriormente, al conocer a la teacher y su metodología para impartir la clase, supe que si lo iba a lograr, porque sus técnicas estimularon en mi, el interés por aprender aun más y me indicaron que realmente tengo conocimientos en esta área, pero, que me falta seguridad para aplicarlos.

La teacher me motivo a profundizar mis conocimientos en inglés y estoy pensando seriamente en continuar los estudios en el CEVAZ, los cuales interrumpí, porque no estaba segura de lo que hacia. De ahora en adelante mi lema es interés!

Estoy sumamente feliz, de haber logrado alcanzar ésta meta y dar así, un paso más para la obtención de mi título de Doctorado, uno de mis sueños más anhelados!

REFLEXIÓN FINAL

El camino de la vida, no es tan fácil, hermoso y rápido de transcurrir, me he dado cuenta de esto con el pasar de los años y las experiencias vividas.

Siendo muy joven, tuve muchas dudas acerca de lo que en realidad quería ser y, decidí evaluar mis cualidades como ser humano y fue allí, que tomé la gran decisión de estudiar una carrera a través de la cual lograra ayudar a todas las personas que lo necesitaran... fue así, como en cinco hermosos años acádemicos me gradué de Licenciada en Trabajo Social y a lo largo de este recorrido pude apoyar a quienes más lo requerían... niños, padres, abuelitos, familias e inclusive a mi misma.

Comprendi que todo en la vida se apoya en unas premisas básicas: fe, amor, esperanza, convicción, fortaleza, perseverancia y positividad, sin éstas, el fracaso es inminente, la depresión tu mejor amiga y la autorrealización inexistente.

En mi vida he luchado muchas batallas y gracias a Dios las he ganado, me han costado... por supuesto! e inclusive por un momento pensé que no lo lograría.... pero aquí estoy, con la frente en alto, feliz de haber logrado mis metas, de tener a mi lado a mis padres y familia... maravillosas personas que siempre estarán allí extendiéndome sus manos y, aquellas otras, que Dios ha colocado en mi camino para aprender de ellas y ayudarme a ver la vida o la situación por la que  esté   pasando con otra perspectiva.

En la actualidad, todo lo que emprendo: trabajo, relaciones interpersonales, estudios, entre otros, lo hago bajo la óptica de las premisas antes mencionadas, obteniendo resultados positivos y aprendiendo de mis errores, dejando el temor atrás y viendo el pasado como herramienta para mejorar mi presente... el ahora, como plataforma principal para mi futuro y el porvenir... como la consecución de la autorrealización, metas y mis más grandes anhelos.

Por eso.... siempre sigo adelante a pesar de las adversidades... porque después de la tormenta viene la calma y con ella la paz!!!.

TALLER FINAL

HOMEWORK

A. Categorías lexicales y uso del diccionario.
1. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu área de interés. Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces, agrega las abreviaciones.
2. Idea principal del texto (en español)
3. Categorías lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoráa)
    •Palabras de contenido:
    •Palabras de Función:
    •Verbos:
    •Adverbio:
    •Adjetivo:
    •Artículo:
    •Preposiciones:
    •Conjunción:
    •Cognados verdaderos:
    •Cognados Falsos:
    •Sufijos:
    •Prefijos:

B. Estructura de la oración: (2 ejemplos)
Frase nominal
1.- Núcleo de la frase nominal
2.- Pre modificadores- post modificadores
Frase verbal
1.Núcleo de la frase verbal
2.Tiempo verbal

4. Reflexión Final del curso

Development.

Classification of the Leukemia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia

Leukemia is clinically and pathologically subdivided into a variety of large groups. The first division is between its acute and chronic forms:

Acute leukemia is characterized by the rapid increase of immature blood cells. This crowding makes the bone marrow unable to produce healthy blood cells. Immediate treatment is required in acute leukemia due to the rapid progression and accumulation of the malignant cells, which then spill over into the bloodstream and spread to other organs of the body. Acute forms of leukemia are the most common forms of leukemia in children.

Chronic leukemia is distinguished by the excessive build up of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells. Typically taking months or years to progress, the cells are produced at a much higher rate than normal cells, resulting in many abnormal white blood cells in the blood. Whereas acute leukemia must be treated immediately, chronic forms are sometimes monitored for some time before treatment to ensure maximum effectiveness of therapy. Chronic leukemia mostly occurs in older people, but can theoretically occur in any age group.

Additionally, the diseases are subdivided according to which kind of blood cell is affected. This split divides leukemias into lymphoblastic or lymphocytic leukemias and myeloid or myelogenous leukemias:

In lymphoblastic or lymphocytic leukemias, the cancerous change takes place in a type of marrow cell that normally goes on to form lymphocytes, which are infection-fighting immune system cells. Most lymphocytic leukemias involve a specific subtype of lymphocyte, the B cell.

In myeloid or myelogenous leukemias, the cancerous change takes place in a type of marrow cell that normally goes on to form red blood cells, some other types of white cells, and platelets.

Combining these two classifications provides a total of four main categories. Within these main categories, there are typically several subcategories. Finally, hairy cell leukemia and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia are usually considered to be outside of this classification scheme.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia in young children. This disease also affects adults, especially those age 65 and older. Standard treatments involve chemotherapy and radiation. The survival rates vary by age: 85% in children and 50% in adults. Subtypes include precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Burkitt's leukemia, and acute biphenotypic leukemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) most often affects adults over the age of 55. It sometimes occurs in younger adults, but it almost never affects children. Two-thirds of affected people are men. The five-year survival rate is 75%. It is incurable, but there are many effective treatments. One subtype is B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, a more aggressive disease.

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) occurs more commonly in adults than in children, and more commonly in men than women. AML is treated with chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate is 40%. Subtypes of AML include acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) occurs mainly in adults. A very small number of children also develop this disease. Treatment is with imatinib (Gleevec) or other drugs. The five-year survival rate is 90%.One subtype is chronic monocytic leukemia.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is sometimes considered a subset of CLL, but does not fit neatly into this pattern. About 80% of affected people are adult men. There are no reported cases in young children. HCL is incurable, but easily treatable. Survival is 96% to 100% at ten years.

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a very rare and aggressive leukemia affecting adults; somewhat more men than women are diagnosed with this disease. Despite its overall rarity, it is also the most common type of mature T cell leukemia; nearly all other leukemias involve B cells. It is difficult to treat, and the median survival is measured in months.

Large granular lymphocytic leukemia may involve either T-cells or NK cells; like hairy cell leukemia, which involves solely B cells, it is a rare and indolent (not aggressive) leukemia.

Adult T-cell leukemia is caused by human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), a virus similar to HIV. Like HIV, HTLV infects CD4+ T-cells and replicates within them; however, unlike HIV, it does not destroy them. Instead, HTLV "immortalizes" the infected T-cells, giving them the ability to proliferate abnormally.

 

1.- * Seleccionar del texto tres (3) palabras no conocidas:

a.- Crowding: aglomeración (vit).

b.- Spill: desbordar (vit). / spill over: desvordarse (vit + adv).

c.- Hairy: peludo, velludo (adj).

 

2.- Idea principal del texto:

La Leucemia clínica y patologicamente se divide dentro de la variedad en un gran grupo. La primera división está entre las formas agudas y crónicas.

Dentro de las agudas se encuentran: Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda (LLA), Leucemia Mieloide Aguda (LMA), Leucemia Promielocítica con precursores de célulasT.

En las crónicas se ubican la Leucemia Linfoblástica Crónica y Leucemia Mieloide Crónica.

 

3.- Categorías lexicales.

•Palabras de contenido: Acute leukemia, blood.

•Palabras de Función: and, in.
•Verbos: is, are, giving.
•Adverbios: clinically, pathologically.
•Adjetivos: chronic, acute.
•Artículos: a, the.
•Preposiciones: by, into.
•Conjunciones: but, and.
•Cognados verdaderos: Leukemia,adults.
•Cognados Falsos: larged, pattern.
•Sufijos: commonly, relatively.
•Prefijos: characterized, according.

B. Estructura de la oración: (2 ejemplos).

a.- Leukemia is clinically and pathologically subdivided into a variety of large groups
Frase nominal: Leukemia.
1.- Núcleo de la frase nominal: Leukemia.

2.- Pre modificadores- post modificadores (la oración no los tiene).

Frase verbal: is clinically and pathologically subdivided into a variety of large groups.
1.-Núcleo de la frase verbal: is / subdivided.
2.Tiempo verbal: voz pasiva en presente.

b.- The first division is between its acute and chronic forms.
Frase nominal: The first division.

1.- Núcleo de la frase nominal: division.
2.- Pre modificadores: the first.

Frase verbal: is between its acute and chronic forms.

1.-Núcleo de la frase verbal: is.
2.Tiempo verbal: presente.

CUARTA UNIDAD.

PATRONES DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE UN PÁRRAFO

LEUKEMIA

http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/622/main.html

Definición

Leukemia is a malignant disorder (a form of cancer) that involves the bone marrow and blood systems. Leukemia results in the uncontrolled growth of abnormal (leukemic) white blood cells. As a result of the uncontrolled growth of leukemic cells in the bone marrow, there is inadequate space in the bone marrow for normal blood production (hematopoiesis) to occur. The lack of normal blood growth results in the lack of normal white blood cells (increasing the risk of infection), the lack of red blood cells (resulting in fatigue, weakness, and anemia) and the lack of normal platelet production (increasing the risk of bleeding).

There are many different types of leukemia. Each of these types may appear with some, none, or all of the symptoms or signs described below.

Description of Leukemia

The term leukemia, which is derived from Greek, literally means "white blood." The bone marrow may become severely impaired and unable to maintain production of sufficient levels of red blood cells and platelets. At the same time, white blood cell production becomes so rapid that these cells do not reach the level of maturity necessary to perform their infection-fighting functions
Leukemic cells infiltrate all the major organs of the body, sometimes causing these organs to malfunction or fail. The kidneys may become impaired. The liver and spleen may become enlarged.


Normally, the spleen acts as a filter for the blood, screening out aging red cells and platelets. When the spleen becomes enlarged, it can actually start doing its job too well, removing perfectly healthy red cells and platelets, further reducing the number of these already scarce cells.

As leukemia progresses, the entire blood system may become flooded with immature blast cells. If this disease is left untreated, a person with leukemia becomes increasingly susceptible to fatigue, excessive bleeding and infections until, finally, the body becomes virtually defenseless, making every minor injury or infection very serious.

Leukemia may be fatal. People may die from internal bleeding which would have been prevented by the platelets. Or, more often, they may die from infections which start with a virus or bacteria that would ordinarily have been wiped out by healthy white blood cells. The exact course leukemia takes, and the speed with which it takes that course, varies with the type and age of the white cells initially affected.

Narración

Biografía de Neil A. Armstrong
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/bios/neilabio.html

Neil A. Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, on August 5, 1930. He began his NASA career in Ohio.

After serving as a naval aviator from 1949 to 1952, Armstrong joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1955. His first assignment was with the NACA Lewis Research Center (now NASA Glenn) in Cleveland. Over the next 17 years, he was an engineer, test pilot, astronaut and administrator for NACA and its successor agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

As a research pilot at NASA's Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif., he was a project pilot on many pioneering high speed aircraft, including the well known, 4000-mph X-15. He has flown over 200 different models of aircraft, including jets, rockets, helicopters and gliders.

Armstrong transferred to astronaut status in 1962. He was assigned as command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission. Gemini 8 was launched on March 16, 1966, and Armstrong performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space.

As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission, Armstrong gained the distinction of being the first man to land a craft on the moon and first to step on its surface.

Armstrong subsequently held the position of Deputy Associate Administrator for Aeronautics, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. In this position, he was responsible for the coordination and management of overall NASA research and technology work related to aeronautics.

He was Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati between 1971-1979. During the years 1982-1992, Armstrong was chairman of Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc., Charlottesville, Va.

He received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University and a Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California. He holds honorary doctorates from a number of universities.

Armstrong is a Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and the Royal Aeronautical Society; Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the International Astronautics Federation.

He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco. He served as a member of the National Commission on Space (1985-1986), as Vice-Chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (1986), and as Chairman of the Presidential Advisory Committee for the Peace Corps (1971-1973).

Armstrong has been decorated by 17 countries. He is the recipient of many special honors, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom; the Congressional Space Medal of Honor; the Explorers Club Medal; the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy; the NASA Distinguished Service Medal; the Harmon International Aviation Trophy; the Royal Geographic Society's Gold Medal; the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's Gold Space Medal; the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award; the Robert J. Collier Trophy; the AIAA Astronautics Award; the Octave Chanute Award; and the John J. Montgomery Award.

 

TERCERA UNIDAD.

WWW.JLSFOUNDATION.ORG

YOU CAN HELP

Each reader of this website can make a difference in the life of a child diagnosed with leukemia. We ask, having known the suffering that our own child endured, that you spread the word concerning this web site. The Reference section contains valuable information and resources to help children with leukemia. If you have reference material or names of individuals who can help Children with Leukemia, please send the information or names to the Jennifer Lynn Stroud Foundation, 14160 Dallas Parkway, Suite 300, Dallas, Texas 75254.

HISTORY

1993

Jennifer Stroud was a typical five year old girl with a mommy, daddy and brother living in Dallas, Texas. She loved to play dolls, loved her favorite cuddly Molly, giggled, laughed, played and skipped with her friends.

Around Thanksgiving 1993, we noticed she was tiring and started to run a low grade fever. We also noticed she was starting to bruise easily when she bumped into things. Lynn took her to the pediatrician who ran a blood test and told her on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1993, that she needed to go to a hospital because she may have leukemia. Later that day, we were told by the doctors she had leukemia, and later that evening that it was acute myeloid leukemia, and she started emergency treatment called leukapheresis, which cycled her blood through a filter to decrease the amount of white blood cells. Her condition was classified as critical.

We were shocked. Her friends could not believe the situation. Jennifer immediately started chemotherapy treatment designed by the pediatric oncology group (POG) at Children's Hospital in Dallas. She went into remission after her second of three treatments.

1994

Jennifer suffered the common side effects of chemotherapy including loss of hair, sore throat, loss of appetite, and dehydration of the eyes. In addition, her system was very sensitive, and she experienced deep bruises, skin rashes, blinding dryness in her eyes, and temperature spikes up to 106 degrees. We worked with the doctors and nurses to select medicines that would reduce her discomfort and assist in offsetting the side effects.

Jennifer came home from the hospital. We were hopeful that she would stay in remission. However, on April 29, 1994, Jennifer's leukemia came back. The doctors indicated additional chemotherapy or a bone marrow transplant would be the next course of treatment. We also reviewed and used nutritional and alternative/homeopathy treatments. Nutritional and alternative/homeopathy treatments did not cure her AML leukemia, but they did assist in increasing the quality and length of her life while reducing the side effects of chemotherapy. These treatments provided necessary proteins and minerals to strengthen Jennifer.

We, in conjunction with the National Marrow Donor Program, searched for an unrelated donor. None of her parents or family were a match for Jennifer. The donor was located in Canada after a local, national and international search. In September, 1994, Jennifer went to M.D. Anderson in Houston, Texas for her bone marrow transplant. She returned to Dallas, Texas in October, 1994.

1995

Jennifer's family, friends and the school were very protective of Jennifer during this isolation period. There was a concern about infection and a time to restrengthen Jennifer's body. We used nutritional and homeopathy treatments to strengthen her body. Her church even had a super bowl parade in front of her house in January, 1995.

Jennifer went back to school on a periodic basis, had friends over to play, and was helping other kids that had illnesses by sending letters, candy and making telephone calls. The leukemia was too strong for her body, and Jennifer relapsed on February 2, 1995. We reviewed additional transplant procedures, chemotherapy procedures, alternative/homeopathy medicines and experimental chemotherapy drugs.

We selected a combination of nutritional, alternative/homeopathy, and an experimental drug to increase and sustain Jennifer through 1995. The leukemia finally wore her body down and returned around Christmas of 1995. Jennifer went to be with her Lord on February 1, 1996; one year after the doctors told us on February 2, 1995 that she would live only for a couple of weeks or a month. Leukemia was able to conquer Jennifer's body, but not her spirit.

We continue to grieve the loss of this beautiful lamb. The Jennifer Lynn Stroud Foundation was set up to assist other families and friends that are diagnosed with leukemia.

Children with Leukemia is a trademark of The Jennifer Lynn Stroud Foundation.

Children with Leukemia is Copyright c 1997 by The Jennifer Lynn Stroud Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.







________________________________________________________________

HOMEWORK

1.- Cuál cree ustedque es el tópico que está a punto de leer?

La historia de una niña que padeció Leucemia.

2.- ¿ Cuál es la idea general del texto?

 Como puede afectar la Leucemia los niños, cómo afecta a la familia y en sí, describir el proceso por el cual pasa un paciente en edad pediátrica con esta patología. Además indica, que cualquier familia con un infante con esta enfermedad que requiera ayuda puede acudir a la fundación creada por los padres de Jennifer.

3.- ¿Qué palabras se repiten?

Was, Leukemia, Started, Blood, Friends, Jennifer, Chemotherapy tratment, Doctors, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Marrow, Bone Marrow Trasplant.

4.- ¿Qué palabras se parecen al español?

difference, diagnosed, leukemia, reference, section, information, material, chemotherapy treatment, doctors, indicated, additional, combination, nutritional, alternative, homeopathy, remission, family. 

5.- Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el título, subtítulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?

El título: Children with Leukemia.

El subtítulo: History.

Los Gráficos: las fotografías con las diferentes etapas de Jennifer.

6.- ¿De qué trata el texto?. Lee el primer párrafo y el último o las últimas ideas del párrafo.

Al inicio habla sobre las diferencias que se pueden encontrar en la vida de un niño con Leucemia y que este sitio web ofrece información valiosa sobre el tema. Si decides apoyar a un niño con esta enfermedad se pueden comunicar con la Fundación Jennifer Lynn Stroud .

La historia que se narra es la de Jennifer, una hermosa niña con Leucemia Mieloide Aguda, que después de batallar arduamente contra la enfermedad murió y aun su familia la llora y extraña... su experiencia fue el motivo para crear esta fundación.

Second Part.

BIOGRAFÍA SOBRE JESÚS DE NAZARETH

• Born: c. 5 B.C.

• Birthplace: Bethlehem, Judea.

• Died: c. 30 A.D. (crucifixion).

• Best Known As: The son of God in the Christian religion.

Jesus of Nazareth is the central figure of the Christian religion, a savior believed to be both God incarnate and a human being. He is also known as Jesus Christ, the term "Christ" meaning anointed or chosen one. Most of the details of his life are unclear, and much of what is known about his life comes from the four Gospels of the Bible. The Gospels tell the story of Jesus's auspicious birth in a stable in Bethlehem, and then of his life as an adult, a teacher with miraculous powers who foretold his own death to his closest followers, called apostles. Jesus, betrayed by the apostle Judas, was crucified by the Romans, and his resurrection three days after his death was taken as proof of his divinity. The date of Jesus's birth to Mary is celebrated each December 25th as Christmas Day. The occasion was used as the base year for the modern Christian calendar, though researchers now believe that earlier estimates were inexact and that Jesus was actually born between 4 B.C. and 7 B.C. The date of the crucifixion is now marked as Good Friday, and the resurrection celebrated as Easter.

Jesus of Nazareth was portrayed by actor Jim Caviezel in the 2004 film The Passion of the Christ. Others who have played Jesus on the big screen include Jeffrey Hunter (King of Kings, 1961), Max von Sydow (The Greatest Story Ever Told, 1965) and Willem Dafoe (The Last Temptation of Christ, 1988)... Christmas is also the realm of the fictional toy-giver known as Santa Claus.

PREGUNTAS A REALIZAR EN BASE A LA BIOGRAFÍA SELECCIONADA

1.- En qué fecha y lugar nació Jesús de Nazareth?

R = Jesus was born on c. 5 B.C in Bethlehem, Judea.

2.- ¿Quién es la figura central de la religión cristiana?

R = Jesus of Nazareth is the central figure of the Christian religion.

3.- Cuál es la fecha de crucifixión de Jesús de Nazareth y cuándo se celebra?

R = The date of the crucifixion is now marked as Good Friday, and the resurrection celebrated as Easter.

4.- ¿En qué reciente película y por qué actor fue interpretado Jesús de Nazareth?

R = Jesus of Nazareth was portrayed by actor Jim Caviezel in the 2004 film The Passion of the Christ.

COLOCANDO EN PRÁCTICA LAS HERRAMIENTAS: EL TALLER.

TEMA ELEGIDO: LEUKEMIA

Definition

A slowly progressing cancer that starts in blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. Leukemias are the result of an abnormal development of leukocytes (white blood cells) and their precursors. Leukemia cells look different than normal cells and do not function properly.

Description

There are four main types of leukemia, which can be further divided into subtypes. When classifying the type of leukemia, the first steps are to determine whether the cancer is lymphocytic or myelogenous (cancer can occur in either the lymphoid or myeloid white blood cells) and whether it is acute or chronic (rapidly or slowly progressing).

Chronic leukemia cells live much longer than normal white blood cells, resulting in an accumulation of too many mature granulocytes or lymphocytes. Chronic leukemia progresses slowly but can develop into an acute form. Major types include chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML).

HOMEWORK

1.- leer el texto completo.

2.- Subrayar las palabras que no entiende y buscarlas en el diccionario.

3.- Escribir la idea principal del párrafo.

4.- Identificar el tiempo verbal del texto.

5.- Identificar al menos 2 de las siguientes categorías lexicales (artículos, sustantivos, adjetivos, preposiciones, conjunciones, prefijos, sufijos, cognados falsos y verdaderos).

6.- Sacar 4 oraciones, frase nominal y verbal, núcleo, pre modificadores, post modificadores y tiempo verbal.

7.- Señalar los referenciales presentes en el párrafo e indicar a que se refiere.

Development

1 y 3. - La Leucemia es un cáncer en la sangre que progresa lentamente afectando la médula ósea con la presencia de blastos o células cancerígenas.

Las Leucemias son el resultado del desarrollo anormal de leucocitos (globulos blancos y sus precursores.

Las células leucémicas  se ven diferentes a las o en comparación con las células normales y no funcionan apropiadamente.

2.- Las palabras son:

a.- further: (adv) / (Adj). Aún, más. (vt). Promover, fomentar, favorecer.

b.- acute: (adj). Agudo, grave.

c.- mature: (adj). Maduro, madurar.

4.- El tiempo verbal general del artículo es: Presente.

5.- Son:

a.- Artículos: A, the.

b.- Sustantivos: Cancer. Leukemias, cells.

c.- Adjetivos: Chronic, Major, first.

d.- Adverbios: slowly, much,

e.- Conjunción: whether, and, but.

f.- Pronombres: Many,

g.- Prefijos: classifying, resulting.

h.- Sufijos: divided, rapidly.

i.- Verbos: are, live,

j.- Cognados verdaderos: cancer (cáncer), cells (células).

k.- Cognados falsos: too (también), starts (comienzo).

l.- Preposiciones: of, in.

6.- Son:

a.- Leukemias are the result of an abnormal development of leukocytes (white blood cells) and their precursors.

Frase nominal: Leukemias

Frase verbal: are the result of an abnormal development of leukocytes (white blood cells) and their precursors.

Núcleo: Leukemias

b.- Chronic leukemia cells live much longer than normal white blood cells, resulting in an accumulation of too many mature granulocytes or lymphocytes.

Frase Nominal: Chronic leukemia cells

Núcleo: leukemia cells.

Pre modificadores: Chronic.

Frase verbal: live much longer than normal white blood cells, resulting in an accumulation of too many mature granulocytes or lymphocytes.

c.- Chronic leukemia progresses slowly but can develop into an acute form.

Frase nominal: Chronic leukemia

Núcleo: Leukemias

Pre modificadores: Chronic.

Frase verbal: progresses slowly but can develop into an acute form.

d.- There are four main types of leukemia, which can be further divided into subtypes.

Frase nominal: There

Núcleo: There

Frase verbal: are four main types of leukemia,

7.- Son: which, When,

SEGUNDA UNIDAD.

Knowledge Management—Emerging Perspectives

http://www.systems-thinking.org/kmgmt/kmgmt.htm

Yes, knowledge management is the hottest subject of the day. The question is: what is this activity called knowledge management, and why is it so important to each and every one of us? The following writings, articles, and links offer some emerging perspectives in response to these questions. As you read on, you can determine whether it all makes any sense or not.
Developing a Context

Like water, this rising tide of data can be viewed as an abundant, vital and necessary resource. With enough preparation, we should be able to tap into that reservoir -- and ride the wave -- by utilizing new ways to channel raw data into meaningful information. That information, in turn, can then become the knowledge that leads to wisdom. Les Alberthal.
Before attempting to address the question of knowledge management, it's probably appropriate to develop some perspective regarding this stuff called knowledge, which there seems to be such a desire to manage, really is. Consider this observation made by Neil Fleming as a basis for thought relating to the following diagram.

A collection of data is not information.

A collection of information is not knowledge.

A collection of knowledge is not wisdom.

A collection of wisdom is not truth.

__________________________________________________________________

HOMEWORK

1.-  Selecciona 4 frases a las cuales se le debe aplicar las reglas de la estructura de la oración.

a.- Consider this observation made by Neil Fleming as a basis for thought relating to the following diagram.

Frase Nominal: Consider this observation .
Núcleo: observation.
Pre modificadores: Consider this.
Frase Verbal:  made by Neil Fleming as a basis for thought relating to the following diagram.
Núcleo: made.
Tiempo verbal: Pasado.

b.- As you read on, you can determine whether it all makes any sense or not.

Frase Nominal: As you.

Núcleo: you.
Pre modificadores: as.
Frase Verbal: read on.
Núcleo: read.
Tiempo verbal: presente.

c.- That information, in turn, can then become the knowledge that leads to wisdom.

Frase Nominal: That information, in turn,

Núcleo: information
Post modificadores: in turn
Frase Verbal: can then become the knowledge that leads to wisdom.
Núcleo: can
Tiempo verbal:  presente.

d.-A collection of information is not knowledge.
Frase Nominal:A collection of information 

Núcleo: information
Pre modificadores: a collection.
Frase Verbal: is not knowledge. 
Núcleo: is not.
Tiempo verbal: presente perfecto.